Accelerate the development of agricultural mechanization to high quality

On December 27, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the "14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Agricultural Mechanization" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), which clarified the overall thinking, objectives, tasks, and policy measures for the development of agricultural mechanization in my country during the "14th Five-Year Plan. Recently, the reporter interviewed relevant responsible comrades of the Agricultural Mechanization Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on relevant issues.

Reporter: "Thirteen five" China's agricultural mechanization development achievements?

A: agricultural mechanization is the key starting point and basic support for accelerating the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. Since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", my country's agricultural mechanization has made great progress, forming a good trend of transformation and upgrading to a comprehensive, high-quality and efficient process. The total power of agricultural machinery in the country reached 1.056 billion kilowatts, an increase of 17% over the end of the 12th five-year Plan period. The comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation and harvest reached 71.25, 7.4 percentage points higher than that at the end of the 12th Five Year Plan period. Among them, the comprehensive mechanization rates of wheat, corn and rice reached 97%, 90% and 84% respectively, 3.5, 8.6 and 6.2 percentage points higher than that at the end of the 12th Five Year Plan period, and 614 demonstration counties for full mechanization of major crop production were created, animal husbandry and aquaculture, facility agriculture, primary processing of agricultural products, and mechanization of fruit, vegetable and tea have developed steadily. Based on Beidou, 5G unmanned agricultural machinery, plant protection unmanned aircraft and other intelligent agricultural machinery into the production line. 310 "safe agricultural machinery" demonstration counties (cities) have been newly created, and the risk investigation and rectification of agricultural machinery safety hidden dangers have been carried out in depth, and the situation of agricultural machinery safety production has continued to be stable and good. The industrial chain of the agricultural mechanization industry cluster is booming, with 19000 new agricultural machinery cooperatives and 195000 agricultural machinery service organizations. The "mechanized army" continues to grow, and the operation volume and service income continue to grow. In 2020, the total area of agricultural machinery operation will reach 7 billion mu and the operation service income will reach 361.5 billion yuan. Agricultural mechanization provides strong support for ensuring the supply of grain and other important agricultural products, increasing farmers' income, and winning the battle against poverty.

Reporter: "14th Five-Year" period, China's agricultural mechanization development is facing what kind of situation and challenges?

Answer: At present, my country's agricultural production has shifted from relying mainly on human and animal power to relying mainly on mechanical power, and has entered a new stage dominated by mechanization. The needs of the broad masses of farmers, agricultural production and operation organizations and service organizations for mechanized production are becoming more and more extensive and urgent, and the demand structure for agricultural mechanization in various fields of agricultural production has changed profoundly. However, the development of agricultural mechanization in regions, industries, varieties, and links is unbalanced and insufficient, and there are still many constraints that need to be overcome. For example, the research and development and manufacturing of agricultural machinery products need to be strengthened, the coordination of agricultural machinery and agronomic farmland needs to be strengthened, and the policy support and management services of agricultural mechanization need to be improved.

During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers has entered a new stage of comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and accelerating agricultural and rural modernization, which puts forward new and more urgent requirements for the development of agricultural mechanization, and also brings new development opportunities for agricultural mechanization. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly proposed to give priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas, comprehensively promote rural revitalization, emphasize the in-depth implementation of the strategy of storing grain in the ground and storing grain in technology, and strengthen the support of agricultural science and technology and equipment. The "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Comprehensively Promoting Rural Revitalization and Accelerating Agricultural and Rural Modernization" puts forward requirements such as "improving the independent research and development of agricultural machinery equipment, supporting high-end intelligence, hilly and mountainous agricultural machinery equipment research and development, and increasing purchase subsidies. The "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for the People's Republic of China National Economic and Social Development and the Outline of Long-term Goals for 2035" included "agricultural mechanization" in the modern agricultural and rural construction project, and clarified a series of promotion measures. The "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for Promoting Agricultural and Rural Modernization" is deployed to promote the full development of agricultural mechanization. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, it is necessary to base on the comprehensive implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and the strategic deployment of basically realizing agricultural and rural modernization, accurately grasp the historical position of agricultural mechanization in the new stage, thoroughly implement the requirements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, and actively respond to the challenges faced, To accelerate the comprehensive and high-quality development of agricultural mechanization.

Reporter: What are the ideas and goals for the development of agricultural mechanization during the 14th Five-Year Plan?

A: on the basis of conscientiously summarizing the achievements of China's agricultural mechanization development during the 13th five-year Plan period and in-depth analysis of the challenges and development needs faced during the 14th five-year Plan period, the "Plan" puts forward the guiding ideology, basic principles and development goals for the development of agricultural mechanization during the 14th five-year Plan period. In terms of guiding ideology, it emphasizes that in accordance with the work orientation of ensuring supply and security and revitalizing smooth circulation, we should continue to do a good job in the key tasks of ensuring supply, convergence, banning fishing, construction, key points and reform, and further promote the supply-side structural reform of agricultural mechanization. focus on making up for shortcomings, strengths and weaknesses, promote coordination, vigorously promote the integration of mechanization with agronomic system, intelligent information technology, agricultural management mode and farmland construction, we should expand and strengthen the industrial chain of agricultural mechanization industry cluster, accelerate the development of agricultural mechanization to the whole process, high quality and high efficiency, and provide strong support for ensuring the effective supply of grain and other important agricultural products, consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation, comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and accelerating the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. In terms of basic principles, it is proposed to adhere to the center and serve the overall situation, give full play to the role of mechanization in increasing production and reducing losses, saving costs and increasing efficiency, and leading and driving; adhere to policy support and market leadership, continuously improve the agricultural mechanization support policy system, and stimulate the vitality of market players; adhere to Innovation-driven and coordinated development, promote the improvement of agricultural machinery R & D and manufacturing level and promotion and application efficiency, and efficiency, and accelerate development shortcomings; adhere to systematic planning, focus on the mechanization of the production of major crops and important breeding varieties, and build a high-quality and efficient mechanization technology system. In terms of development goals, it is in line with the development goals put forward in the "Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Accelerating the Promotion of Agricultural Mechanization and the Transformation and Upgrading of the Agricultural Machinery and Equipment Industry". It is clear that by 2025, the total power of agricultural machinery in the country will be stable at about 1.1 billion kilowatts, and the allocation structure of agricultural machinery tends to be reasonable. The agricultural machinery socialized service system covering pre-production, mid-production and post-production has been basically established, the support of agricultural machinery for agricultural green development has been significantly enhanced, mechanization and informatization, and intelligence have been further integrated, agricultural mechanization disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities have been significantly enhanced, agricultural machinery data security and agricultural machinery safety production have been further strengthened; the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation and harvest in the country has reached 75%. The main producing counties (cities, districts) have basically realized agricultural mechanization, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation and harvest in hilly mountainous counties (cities) has reached 55%, the overall mechanization rate of facility agriculture, animal husbandry, aquaculture and primary processing of agricultural products has reached more than 50%; the industrial chain of agricultural mechanization industry clusters has become more stable, the total income of agricultural machinery services has continued to grow, and agricultural mechanization has entered a period of comprehensive and high-quality development.

Reporter: "Planning" clear what key tasks?

Answer: The "Plan" adheres to problem-oriented, goal-oriented, and result-oriented, focusing on focusing on key points, making up for shortcomings, strengths and weaknesses, promoting coordination, and improving levels, promoting the coordination and coordination of agricultural machinery, agronomy, farmland, and agricultural management methods, and promoting various industries, The high-quality development of mechanization in various regions puts forward eight main tasks for the development of agricultural mechanization in the "14th Five-Year Plan. First, efforts should be made to improve the level of mechanization in the whole process of grain crop production, make up for the short board of mechanization in the whole process of grain production, promote the loss reduction and quality improvement of key links in grain mechanized production, and build a mechanized and efficient production system in the whole process of grain production. The second is to vigorously develop the mechanization of cash crop production, improve the level of mechanized production of bulk cash crops, break through the mechanization of key links in the production of characteristic cash crops, and accelerate the mechanization of facility planting. The third is to accelerate the development of mechanization of livestock and poultry aquaculture, promote the full-scale mechanization of major livestock and poultry breeding, build a full-process mechanization system for green aquaculture, and promote green and efficient breeding equipment and technology. The fourth is to actively promote the mechanization of the primary processing of agricultural products, promote the research and development and application of green and efficient agricultural product primary processing machinery and equipment, and strengthen the construction of the agricultural product primary processing mechanization system. The fifth is to speed up the filling of the short board of agricultural mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas, promote the research and development of suitable equipment, promote the transformation of farmland suitable for mechanization, and promote the innovation of operation service mode. The sixth is to accelerate the promotion of intelligent greening of agricultural mechanization, promote technological innovation of intelligent agricultural machinery equipment, demonstrate the use of intelligent technology, promote digital management of mechanized production, and promote energy conservation and emission reduction of agricultural machinery. The seventh is to expand and strengthen the industrial chain of agricultural mechanization industry clusters, strengthen the socialized services of agricultural machinery operations, promote the development of agricultural machinery sales, maintenance and spare parts supply industries, and promote the development of agricultural machinery skills training and vocational education. The eighth is to effectively strengthen the safety management of agricultural machinery, strictly implement the safety supervision responsibility, continuously improve the safety supervision ability, and promote the reform of the driving training system.

Reporter: What are the key tasks and important projects deployed in the Plan?

A: the plan focuses on the key and difficult problems to be solved urgently in the development of agricultural mechanization, puts forward targeted measures, and deploys 25 key tasks, important projects and action plans. It mainly includes the establishment of demonstration counties for the whole process mechanization of crop production, the action plan for conservation tillage of black land in northeast China, deep loosening and soil preparation of agricultural machinery, the selection and release of typical cases for the whole process mechanization of production of suitable varieties of characteristic cash crops, the establishment of full-process mechanization demonstration counties for large-scale farming, the selection and release of mechanized recommend for the primary processing of green and efficient agricultural products, the development and application of special agricultural machinery in hilly and hilly areas the transformation of farmland in mountainous areas is suitable for mechanization, the improvement of the level of agricultural machinery intelligent connection of things, the monitoring and promotion of Beidou for agricultural machinery operation, the application of agricultural machinery precision operation technology and equipment, the informatization construction of agricultural machinery management services, the cultivation of new formats for agricultural machinery operation services, the training of professional agricultural machinery operators, the improvement of mechanized disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, the demonstration and creation of "safe agricultural machinery", "bright tail project,", tractor, ",", ", modified tractor," project capacity building, agricultural machinery testing and identification capacity improvement, agricultural mechanization standard system construction and quality supervision, agricultural mechanization management and technical personnel training. Among them, the establishment of a full-process mechanization demonstration county, the action plan for conservation tillage of black land in the northeast, the deep loosening of agricultural machinery, and the mechanization transformation of farmland in hilly and mountainous areas, which are included in the 14th five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in the People's Republic of China and the outline of long-term goals in 2035, have been implemented in detail.

Reporter: What are the policy measures to achieve the goals and tasks set out in the Plan?

Answer: The "Plan" puts forward supporting policies and measures to promote the development of agricultural mechanization from the aspects of formulating and implementing the action plan for the shortcomings of agricultural machinery and equipment, strengthening policy support investment, strengthening the support of the talent team, and enhancing the ability to guarantee the rule of law. For example, in terms of making up for shortcomings in agricultural machinery equipment, it is proposed to formulate an action plan, carry out the construction of large-scale high-horsepower high-end intelligent agricultural machinery equipment and the construction of pilot areas for the promotion and application of small machinery in hilly and mountainous areas, plan key projects for research and development and innovation of agricultural machinery equipment, and improve the agricultural machinery test appraisal outline and agricultural mechanization standard system. For example, in terms of policy support, it is proposed to stably implement the subsidy policy for the purchase and application of agricultural machinery, increase the subsidy for the scrapping and renewal of agricultural machinery, support agricultural machinery service entities to carry out subsoiling and deep ploughing, machine planting and machine harvesting and production trusteeship services, implement the subsidy policy for free (less) ploughing and sowing operations in the northeast black land conservation tillage action plan, and promote the implementation of relevant policies such as facility agricultural land, including construction land, new agricultural production electricity, promote local government bonds and related financial support to carry out the transformation of hilly and mountainous farmland. For example, in terms of talent team support, it is proposed to cultivate, discover, and introduce innovative, applied, compound and leading agricultural machinery scientific research talents in an all-round way, carry out training and re-education of professional and technical personnel for technical promotion, test and appraisal, and strengthen agricultural machinery safety supervision and law enforcement Personnel education and training, encourage and support rural agricultural machinery personnel to participate in high-quality farmer cultivation plans and academic qualifications promotion actions, and carry out vocational education such as skill training for agricultural machinery operation service personnel, selection and training of agricultural machinery to use the first-line "soil experts" and so on.

Reporter: in promoting the implementation of the plan, what are the plans?

Answer: In order to ensure the implementation of the plan, we must focus on the following aspects: First, strengthen organizational leadership. We will promote all localities to put the implementation of the plan on the important agenda, and do a good job in linking up the development plans of agricultural mechanization in various provinces with this plan. Give full play to the role of the national and provincial agricultural mechanization development coordination and promotion mechanism, strengthen overall coordination, and work together to promote the development of agricultural mechanization during the 14th Five-Year Plan. Actively strive for the attention and support of party committees and governments at all levels, and promote the inclusion of the development of agricultural mechanization in the assessment of the same responsibility of the party and government for food security and the assessment of rural revitalization. The second is to strengthen supervision and guidance. Guide all localities to clarify the objectives and tasks of the development of agricultural mechanization in the 14th five-year Plan, the existing weaknesses and corresponding policies and measures, and regularly evaluate the progress and implementation of the work. We will study and formulate evaluation indicators and monitoring methods for basically realizing agricultural mechanization, carry out comprehensive and high-quality monitoring of the whole process of agricultural mechanization, and strengthen the evaluation of the implementation of the plan. Three is to mobilize social participation. Fully mobilize the enthusiasm and initiative of all sectors of society to support and care about the development of agricultural mechanization, build a platform for extensive social participation, and build a work pattern in which the government, society, and the market coordinate. Summarize and promote the good experience and good practices of promoting the transformation and upgrading of agricultural mechanization in various regions, and play a good leading role. Effectively increase the intensity, breadth and depth of agricultural mechanization propaganda, tell the story of agricultural mechanization, and create a good atmosphere of widespread concern and support from the whole society.